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Jerome · 382–405 · Other
The Vulgate stands as Jerome's monumental translation of the Bible into Latin, commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to address the chaos of competing Latin biblical texts circulating throughout the Western…
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Jerome · 383 · Treatise
Jerome's treatise Against Helvidius emerged from a theological controversy that erupted in Rome around 383 when Helvidius, a Latin Christian writer, challenged the prevailing belief in Mary's perpetual virginity. Helvidius argued that…
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Gregory of Nyssa · 383–390 · Treatise
For anyone who wants one book that lays out the whole faith as the Cappadocians held it, Trinity, Incarnation, baptism and eucharist; the best first serious work of his to read, after the Life of Macrina.
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Gregory of Nyssa · 383–390 · Treatise
For students of the hope of universal restoration and of the Arian controversy over 1 Corinthians 15:28; a short, close reading, technical in places.
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Gregory of Nyssa · 383 · Sermon
For readers interested in early baptismal theology and Epiphany preaching; a sermon for the feast of Christ's baptism that explains what water, oil and the Spirit do.
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Vulgate Jerome's Vulgate
Jerome · 383 · Scripture
Undertaken by Jerome in the late fourth century, when the Latin-speaking churches of the West were using a patchwork of earlier renderings, the Vulgate became for roughly a millennium the dominant Bible…
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Ambrose of Milan · 384–390 · Treatise
Ambrose of Milan's treatise on penance emerged from the practical challenges he faced as bishop during the 380s, when questions about forgiveness, restoration, and the church's disciplinary authority pressed urgently on Christian…
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Gregory of Nyssa · 385 · Treatise
For students of the Christological debates between Nicaea and Chalcedon: his long reply to Apollinaris's denial that Christ had a human mind; technical and polemical, not devotional reading.
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Gregory of Nyssa · 385–390 · Treatise
For anyone who has lost a child or asked why infants die; a serious, humane answer from the fourth century, written for a grieving official.
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Augustine of Hippo · 386 · Treatise
Written during Augustine's momentous retreat at Cassiciacum in 386, Against the Academicians represents the newly converted theologian's first sustained philosophical work and his initial attempt to clear intellectual ground for Christian faith.…
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John Chrysostom · 386 · Sermon
Adversus Judaeos comprises eight homilies delivered by John Chrysostom in Antioch during 386-387, responding to what he perceived as a crisis within his Christian congregation. Many of his parishioners were participating in…
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John Chrysostom · 386–407 · Sermon
John Chrysostom delivered these eighty-eight homilies on the Gospel of John to his congregation in Antioch between 386 and 398, during the height of his preaching ministry before becoming Archbishop of Constantinople.…
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Letters Letters of St. Augustin
Augustine of Hippo · 386–430 · Letter
The letters of Augustine of Hippo span nearly five decades of correspondence, from his early years as a Christian convert through his death as Bishop of Hippo in 430. Written to fellow…
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John Chrysostom · 386–387 · Sermon
John Chrysostom delivered these twelve homilies in Antioch between 386 and 387, responding to a theological crisis that threatened to divide his congregation. The Anomoean party, led by Aëtius and Eunomius, claimed…
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John Chrysostom · 386–390 · Treatise
John Chrysostom's De sacerdotio (On the Priesthood) emerged from a personal crisis that became the foundation for Christian reflection on pastoral ministry. Written between 386 and 390, the work originated when Chrysostom…
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John Chrysostom · 386–407 · Other
This collection brings together John Chrysostom's most enduring writings from his years as priest in Antioch and archbishop of Constantinople. On the Priesthood, written around 386, emerged from Chrysostom's own reluctance to…
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Didymus the Blind · 387 · Commentary
Didymus the Blind's Commentary on Zechariah emerges from the scholarly atmosphere of fourth-century Alexandria, where this remarkable theologian led the catechetical school despite his physical blindness from infancy. Writing in Greek during…
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John Chrysostom · 387 · Sermon
De statuis is a series of twenty-one sermons preached by John Chrysostom in Antioch during the spring of 387, responding to a grave civic crisis that erupted when angry citizens destroyed imperial…
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Augustine of Hippo · 388–395 · Treatise
Augustine's dialogue on free will emerged from urgent pastoral and theological pressures in North Africa during the late fourth century. Written as a conversation with his friend Evodius between 388 and 395,…
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Ambrose of Milan · 388–391 · Treatise
De Officiis Ministrorum stands as Ambrose of Milan's systematic treatment of Christian ethics for clergy, written between 388 and 391 for his ordained sons in the faith. The work emerged from Ambrose's…
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Ambrose of Milan · 389 · Commentary
Ambrose of Milan's exposition of Luke's Gospel emerges from his pastoral preaching in the basilicas of late fourth-century Milan, delivered during a period when the young church was still working out fundamental…
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Ambrose of Milan · 389 · Treatise
Ambrose of Milan's Hexaemeron emerged from a series of homilies he delivered during Holy Week 389 to newly baptized Christians in his cathedral. The work takes its name from the Greek term…
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Church History Rufinus: The Church History of Eusebius, Jerome's De Viris Illustribus, Jerome's Letters to Marcella and Principia, and other historical writings
Rufinus of Aquileia · 390–410 · Other
Rufinus of Aquileia produced these translations and continuations during the height of theological controversies surrounding Origen in the late fourth and early fifth centuries. As monasticism spread westward and Latin Christians sought…
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John Chrysostom · 390–398 · Commentary
These forty-four homilies on Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians represent John Chrysostom's systematic exposition of one of the New Testament's most practically challenging epistles. Preached during his tenure as Archbishop of…
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