New Revised Standard Version

A major ecumenical revision of the Revised Standard Version, the New Revised Standard Version has become a standard English Bible in academic contexts, widely used in universities, seminaries, and scholarly publication. It covers the complete Bible, translated from Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek on the basis of modern critical texts, and so reflects manuscript evidence and textual scholarship unavailable to earlier English translators. Its translation philosophy is one of formal equivalence, aiming to follow the wording and structure of the original languages closely, combined with inclusive language where the referent allows; it is classified as a substantial revision of its predecessor and base translation, the Revised Standard Version. Among its distinctive features is an expanded use of gender-inclusive English in those places where the translators judged the original referent to be inclusive. Prepared by an interconfessional panel, it stands within the tradition of English Bible revision descending from the King James Version.