Christian Standard Bible

The Christian Standard Bible is a major revision and renaming of the Holman Christian Standard Bible, undertaken with the aim of improving both accuracy and readability. Covering the complete Bible, it was translated from the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek on the basis of modern critical texts, and follows a philosophy of optimal equivalence, a mediating approach that seeks to balance word-for-word correspondence with natural English expression. Classified as a substantial revision rather than a fresh translation, it takes the Holman Christian Standard Bible as its predecessor and base text, standing within the broader tradition of English Bible versions produced for evangelical readers in North America. Among its distinctive features are a reduced use of the divine name 'Yahweh,' where the earlier version had employed it more freely, along with many stylistic and textual revisions throughout. It is used in preaching, study, and devotional reading.