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Anselm of Canterbury · 1076 · Treatise
The Monologion emerged from Anselm's role as teacher and prior at the monastery of Bec in Normandy, where his fellow monks requested a work that would demonstrate God's existence and attributes through…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1076 · Treatise
The Monologium represents Anselm of Canterbury's first sustained philosophical work, written around 1076 while he served as prior at the Abbey of Bec in Normandy. Composed at the request of his fellow…
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Lanfranc of Bec · 1077 · Other
Lanfranc's Constitutiones emerged from the practical challenges of reforming English monastic life in the decades following the Norman Conquest. As Archbishop of Canterbury under William the Conqueror, Lanfranc drew upon his earlier…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1077–1098 · Book
This collection gathers Anselm of Canterbury's most influential theological works, written during his tenure as abbot of Bec and later as Archbishop of Canterbury in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries.…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1078 · Treatise
The Proslogion is Anselm of Canterbury's philosophical meditation on the existence and nature of God, written around 1078 as a follow-up to his earlier Monologion. Anselm sought to discover a single, self-contained…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1080 · Treatise
Anselm's treatise On Freedom of Choice emerged from the philosophical ferment of eleventh-century monasticism, where questions of human agency and divine sovereignty pressed urgently on both theological speculation and spiritual practice. Written…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1080 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury composed this philosophical dialogue around 1080 as part of his systematic exploration of fundamental theological concepts. Writing in the scholastic tradition that would flourish in the following centuries, Anselm…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1085 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's De Casu Diaboli (On the Fall of the Devil) is a theological treatise written around 1085 as a companion to his earlier work on free will and the nature…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1094 · Treatise
De Incarnatione Verbi stands as Anselm of Canterbury's rigorous theological defense of orthodox Christology against the rationalist critiques of Roscelin of Compiègne. Written in 1094, this treatise emerged from a heated controversy…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1094–1098 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's Cur Deus Homo emerges from the intellectual ferment of the late eleventh century, when the cathedral schools were applying rigorous philosophical methods to Christian doctrine. Written as a dialogue…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1095–1098 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's Cur Deus Homo emerged from the intellectual ferment of the late eleventh century, when scholastic theology was beginning to apply rigorous rational methods to Christian doctrine. Written between 1095…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1099 · Treatise
Anselm's treatise on the virgin birth and original sin emerged from the theological ferment of the late eleventh century, when scholastic method was beginning to reshape Christian doctrine through rigorous philosophical inquiry.…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1102 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's "On the Procession of the Holy Spirit" emerged from the theological crisis that culminated in the Great Schism of 1054, when East and West formally divided over doctrinal differences…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1107 · Treatise
De Concordia represents Anselm of Canterbury's mature philosophical theology, written around 1107 as the final major work of his intellectual career. The treatise emerged from ongoing theological debates about divine sovereignty and…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1107 · Treatise
Anselm's final theological treatise addresses one of Christianity's most enduring intellectual challenges: how to reconcile divine sovereignty with human freedom. Written in 1107-1108 near the end of his life, this work emerged…
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Bernard of Clairvaux · 1115–1153 · Letter
The letters of Bernard of Clairvaux represent nearly four decades of correspondence from one of the twelfth century's most influential monastic leaders. Written between 1115 and his death in 1153, these 544…
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Hugh of St. Victor · 1120–1140 · Commentary
Hugh of St. Victor's commentary on the Rule of St. Augustine emerged from the vibrant intellectual culture of the Abbey of St. Victor in Paris during the early twelfth century. As master…
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William of St. Thierry · 1120–1135 · Treatise
De contemplando Deo stands as William of St. Thierry's earliest and most foundational work on mystical theology, written during his tenure as abbot of the Benedictine monastery of St. Thierry near Reims.…
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William of St. Thierry · 1120 · Treatise
William of St. Thierry wrote this theological treatise around 1120 as part of his broader project to articulate a mystical theology grounded in love rather than purely rational speculation. A Benedictine abbot…
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Hugh of St. Victor · 1120–1140 · Treatise
Hugh of St. Victor's De laude caritatis emerges from the intellectual ferment of twelfth-century monastic theology, when the canons regular of St. Victor were developing their distinctive synthesis of contemplative spirituality and…
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Hugh of St. Victor · 1120–1140 · Treatise
De vanitate mundi emerges from the vibrant intellectual culture of twelfth-century Saint-Victor, where Hugh served as master of the abbey school during a period of profound theological and spiritual renewal. Written sometime…
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Bernard of Clairvaux · 1120–1153 · Sermon
The Sermones de tempore represents Bernard of Clairvaux's liturgical preaching across the church year, delivered to his monastic community at Clairvaux Abbey between 1120 and 1153. These sermons emerged from Bernard's dual…
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Bernard of Clairvaux · 1120–1153 · Sermon
The Sermones de sanctis represents Bernard of Clairvaux's liturgical preaching on the saints throughout the church calendar, delivered to his monastic community at Clairvaux and other Cistercian houses during his abbacy from…
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Peter Abelard · 1120 · Treatise
Sic et Non emerged from the intellectual ferment of twelfth-century Paris, where Peter Abelard taught at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame. Faced with students who questioned the apparent contradictions they discovered between…
