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Augustine of Hippo · 397–398 · Treatise
Augustine's Contra Faustum Manichaeum stands as his most comprehensive refutation of Manichaeism, the dualistic religion he had embraced for nine years before his conversion to Christianity. Written between 397 and 398, this…
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Augustine of Hippo · 397–400 · Book
The Confessions stands as the first true autobiography in Western literature and one of Christianity's most influential works of spiritual formation. Written between 397 and 400 by Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, this…
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Sulpicius Severus · 397 · Other
The Life of Saint Martin stands as one of the most influential hagiographies of the early church, written by Sulpicius Severus around 397 CE while Martin still lived. Severus, a wealthy Gallic…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 397–398 · Book
De Principiis represents Rufinus of Aquileia's Latin translation and adaptation of Origen's foundational theological work On First Principles, completed between 397 and 398. Rufinus undertook this project amid intense controversy over Origen's…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 397–410 · Treatise
This preface introduces Rufinus of Aquileia's Latin translation of Origen's great systematic work On First Principles, completed between 397 and 410. The translation project emerged during the fierce Origenist controversies that divided…
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Jerome · 398–420 · Commentary
Jerome's Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew emerged from his mature years as a biblical scholar in Bethlehem, written between 398 and 420 as part of his ambitious project to provide the…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 398–400 · Commentary
The Homiliae in Iesu Nave represents Rufinus of Aquileia's Latin translation and adaptation of twenty-six homilies on the book of Joshua originally preached by Origen in Greek during the third century. Working…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 398–400 · Commentary
Rufinus of Aquileia's Homiliae in Iudices represents one of the earliest Latin homiletical treatments of the Book of Judges, composed between 398 and 400 during a period when biblical commentary was flourishing…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 398–400 · Commentary
The Homilies on Numbers represents Rufinus of Aquileia's Latin translation and adaptation of Origen's Greek homilies on the fourth book of the Pentateuch, completed between 398 and 400 CE. Rufinus undertook this…
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Paulinus of Nola · 399 · Poem
Carmen 14 is a lengthy poetic celebration written by Paulinus of Nola for the annual feast day of Saint Felix of Nola in 399. Paulinus, a wealthy Roman aristocrat who had abandoned…
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Augustine of Hippo · 399–419 · Book
Augustine's monumental theological treatise emerged from the doctrinal controversies that wracked the early church in the decades following the Council of Nicaea. Writing over twenty years beginning around 399, the Bishop of…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 400–401 · Treatise
The Apology Against Jerome represents one side of the most bitter theological controversy of the early fifth century, a public rupture between two former friends that exposed deep fault lines in Christian…
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Paulinus of Nola · 400 · Poem
Carmen 15 is a funeral elegy composed by Paulinus of Nola around 400 CE for his friend Baebianus, a fellow Christian who had died in the prime of life. Writing from his…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 400 · Treatise
This treatise emerged from one of the most bitter theological controversies of the early fifth century, when Rufinus of Aquileia found himself defending his Latin translation of Origen's De Principiis against fierce…
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Prudentius · 400–405 · Poem
The Psychomachia is an epic poem of nearly nine hundred Latin hexameters written by the Christian poet Prudentius in the early fifth century. Composed during a period when Christianity was establishing its…
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Prudentius · 400–405 · Poem
Apotheosis stands as Prudentius's systematic poetic defense of orthodox Christology against the major heresies threatening the early fifth-century church. Written during the height of doctrinal controversies that would culminate at the Council…
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Nilus of Sinai · 400–430 · Other
The Narrationes is a hagiographical account written by Nilus of Sinai in the early fifth century, purporting to describe a Saracen raid on the monastery of Mount Sinai around 410 CE. According…
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Prudentius · 400–405 · Poem
Prudentius composed this theological poem in the opening years of the fifth century as a direct response to the dualistic teachings that were spreading through Christian communities. The work's title, meaning "The…
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Nilus of Sinai · 400–430 · Treatise
The Tractatus ad Eulogium is a spiritual treatise written by Nilus of Sinai in the early fifth century, addressed to a monk named Eulogius who had sought guidance on the ascetic life.…
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Prudentius · 402–405 · Poem
Contra Symmachum is a two-book Latin poem written by the Christian poet Prudentius between 402 and 405, composed as a sustained literary response to the enduring influence of Quintus Aurelius Symmachus and…
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Rufinus of Aquileia · 402–410 · Book
Rufinus of Aquileia's Historia Ecclesiastica emerged from his ambitious project to make Eusebius of Caesarea's foundational church history accessible to Latin readers while extending its narrative into his own era. Writing between…
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Sulpicius Severus · 403–404 · Treatise
Sulpicius Severus composed these dialogues around 403-404 as a continuation of his earlier Life of Saint Martin, driven by requests from friends who wanted to hear more stories about the holy men…
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Sulpicius Severus · 403 · Other
The Chronica is Sulpicius Severus's ambitious attempt to write a complete sacred history from creation to his own time, completed around 403. A Gallic aristocrat and devoted disciple of Martin of Tours,…
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Wedding Song Carmen 21 - Epithalamium
Paulinus of Nola · 403 · Poem
Carmen 21 is a wedding poem composed by Paulinus of Nola in 403 for the marriage of Julian, son of Bishop Memorius of Capua, to Titia, daughter of a prominent Christian family.…
