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Peter Damian · 1049 · Treatise
The Liber Gomorrhianus is a fierce moral treatise written by the Benedictine monk and reformer Peter Damian in 1049, addressed to Pope Leo IX during the height of the Gregorian Reform movement.…
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Peter Damian · 1050–1060 · Treatise
Peter Damian's "De Laude Flagellorum" (In Praise of Flagellation) emerged from the reformist monastery of Fonte Avellana in the mid-eleventh century, where Damian served as prior. Written during a period of intense…
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Paris Psalter Paris Psalter Old English Version
Anonymous; prose once attributed to Alfred · 1050 · Scripture
The Paris Psalter is an important Old English Psalter, so called from the manuscript in which it survives, that presents the Psalms in two forms: a prose translation of the opening portion…
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Lanfranc of Bec · 1059–1079 · Treatise
De Corpore et Sanguine Domini is Lanfranc of Bec's theological treatise defending the doctrine of the real presence in the Eucharist against the challenges posed by Berengar of Tours. Written between 1059…
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Peter Damian · 1063 · Treatise
Dominus Vobiscum is Peter Damian's theological treatise defending the validity of solitary prayer and worship, written in 1063 to address controversies surrounding hermit life and communal worship requirements. The Camaldolese reformer composed…
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Peter Damian · 1067 · Treatise
Peter Damian's "On Divine Omnipotence" emerged from an eleventh-century dispute over whether God could restore virginity to those who had lost it. Written in 1067 as a letter to the monk Desiderius,…
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Lanfranc of Bec · 1070–1089 · Commentary
Lanfranc of Bec's commentary on the Pauline epistles emerged from the intellectual revival of eleventh-century monasticism, when the future Archbishop of Canterbury was establishing Bec as one of Europe's premier centers of…
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Lanfranc of Bec · 1070–1089 · Other
The Decreta pro Ordine Sancti Benedicti represents Lanfranc of Bec's comprehensive elaboration of the Rule of Saint Benedict for the reformed monasteries of Norman England. Written during his tenure as Archbishop of…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1070–1109 · Letter
Anselm's letters, written throughout his career as monk, abbot, and Archbishop of Canterbury from roughly 1070 to 1109, constitute one of the most extensive and intimate collections of medieval correspondence to survive.…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1070–1080 · Other
Anselm of Canterbury composed these prayers and meditations during his years as a monk at Bec Abbey in Normandy, writing them between approximately 1070 and 1080 for fellow monastics seeking deeper contemplative…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1076 · Treatise
The Monologion emerged from Anselm's role as teacher and prior at the monastery of Bec in Normandy, where his fellow monks requested a work that would demonstrate God's existence and attributes through…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1076 · Treatise
The Monologium represents Anselm of Canterbury's first sustained philosophical work, written around 1076 while he served as prior at the Abbey of Bec in Normandy. Composed at the request of his fellow…
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Lanfranc of Bec · 1077 · Other
Lanfranc's Constitutiones emerged from the practical challenges of reforming English monastic life in the decades following the Norman Conquest. As Archbishop of Canterbury under William the Conqueror, Lanfranc drew upon his earlier…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1077–1098 · Book
This collection gathers Anselm of Canterbury's most influential theological works, written during his tenure as abbot of Bec and later as Archbishop of Canterbury in the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries.…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1078 · Treatise
The Proslogion is Anselm of Canterbury's philosophical meditation on the existence and nature of God, written around 1078 as a follow-up to his earlier Monologion. Anselm sought to discover a single, self-contained…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1080 · Treatise
Anselm's treatise On Freedom of Choice emerged from the philosophical ferment of eleventh-century monasticism, where questions of human agency and divine sovereignty pressed urgently on both theological speculation and spiritual practice. Written…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1080 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury composed this philosophical dialogue around 1080 as part of his systematic exploration of fundamental theological concepts. Writing in the scholastic tradition that would flourish in the following centuries, Anselm…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1085 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's De Casu Diaboli (On the Fall of the Devil) is a theological treatise written around 1085 as a companion to his earlier work on free will and the nature…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1094 · Treatise
De Incarnatione Verbi stands as Anselm of Canterbury's rigorous theological defense of orthodox Christology against the rationalist critiques of Roscelin of Compiègne. Written in 1094, this treatise emerged from a heated controversy…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1094–1098 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's Cur Deus Homo emerges from the intellectual ferment of the late eleventh century, when the cathedral schools were applying rigorous philosophical methods to Christian doctrine. Written as a dialogue…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1095–1098 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's Cur Deus Homo emerged from the intellectual ferment of the late eleventh century, when scholastic theology was beginning to apply rigorous rational methods to Christian doctrine. Written between 1095…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1099 · Treatise
Anselm's treatise on the virgin birth and original sin emerged from the theological ferment of the late eleventh century, when scholastic method was beginning to reshape Christian doctrine through rigorous philosophical inquiry.…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1102 · Treatise
Anselm of Canterbury's "On the Procession of the Holy Spirit" emerged from the theological crisis that culminated in the Great Schism of 1054, when East and West formally divided over doctrinal differences…
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Anselm of Canterbury · 1107 · Treatise
De Concordia represents Anselm of Canterbury's mature philosophical theology, written around 1107 as the final major work of his intellectual career. The treatise emerged from ongoing theological debates about divine sovereignty and…
