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Bonaventure · 1250–1274 · Treatise
Bonaventure's "Tree of Life" stands as one of medieval Christianity's most sophisticated meditative treatises, written during his tenure as Minister General of the Franciscan order in the latter half of the thirteenth…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1252–1256 · Commentary
Thomas Aquinas wrote his Commentary on the Sentences between 1252 and 1256 while serving as a bachelor of theology at the University of Paris. The work represents his required academic exercise of…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1252 · Treatise
Thomas Aquinas composed this brief treatise around 1252 as a young bachelor of arts at the University of Paris, addressing fundamental questions about the nature of reality that occupied medieval philosophers and…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1256–1272 · Treatise
The Quaestiones Disputatae emerged from Thomas Aquinas's teaching responsibilities at the University of Paris during two periods of his career, first as a bachelor of theology and later as a master. These…
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Albert the Great · 1256–1257 · Treatise
Albert the Great's De Vegetabilibus stands as medieval Europe's most comprehensive treatise on plant life, written between 1256 and 1257 as part of his ambitious project to make Aristotelian natural philosophy accessible…
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Bonaventure · 1257 · Treatise
Bonaventure's "On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology" emerged from the intellectual ferment of thirteenth-century Paris, where the newly founded University was grappling with how to integrate Aristotelian philosophy and the…
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Bonaventure · 1257 · Treatise
The Breviloquium stands as Bonaventure's masterful attempt to present the entire scope of Christian theology in condensed form. Written around 1257 during his tenure as Minister General of the Franciscan Order, this…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1259–1265 · Treatise
The Summa Contra Gentiles emerged from Thomas Aquinas's concern to demonstrate the truth of Christian faith through reason alone, addressing audiences who did not share Christian assumptions about Scripture or Church authority.…
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Bonaventure · 1259 · Treatise
The Journey of the Mind into God is Bonaventure's mystical masterpiece, written in 1259 during a retreat on Mount La Verna, the same mountain where Francis of Assisi received the stigmata. Composed…
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Bonaventure · 1259 · Treatise
Written around 1259 during Bonaventure's tenure as Minister General of the Franciscan order, De Triplici Via emerged from his efforts to provide systematic guidance for the spiritual life within the Franciscan tradition.…
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Roger Bacon · 1260–1270 · Letter
Roger Bacon's letter on the secret works of nature emerged from the extraordinary intellectual ferment of thirteenth-century Oxford and Paris, where the Franciscan friar was grappling with how to reconcile experimental investigation…
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Roger Bacon · 1260–1292 · Essay
I cannot provide a description for this work as the provided information is insufficient to identify which specific writings by Roger Bacon are being referenced. Roger Bacon (c. 1214-1294) was a Franciscan…
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Bonaventure · 1260 · Treatise
The Soliloquium stands as Bonaventure's most intimate spiritual treatise, composed around 1260 during his tenure as Minister General of the Franciscan Order. Written in the tradition of Augustine's Soliloquies, this work takes…
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Bonaventure · 1263 · Treatise
The Legenda Minor is Bonaventure's condensed biography of Francis of Assisi, written in 1263 as part of his comprehensive effort to provide the Franciscan order with authoritative accounts of their founder's life.…
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Bonaventure · 1263 · Other
The Legenda Maior stands as the official biography of Francis of Assisi, commissioned by the Franciscan Order and completed by Bonaventure in 1263, roughly forty years after Francis's death. The work emerged…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1265–1267 · Treatise
Thomas Aquinas wrote this treatise on kingship around 1265-1267 for the young Hugh II of Cyprus, who had recently become king at age fourteen. The work emerged from the practical need to…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1265–1267 · Treatise
De Potentia emerged from Thomas Aquinas's teaching at the University of Paris during his second regency there, composed between 1265 and 1267 as part of his disputed questions format. These academic exercises…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1265–1273 · Treatise
The Summa Theologica stands as Thomas Aquinas's masterwork of systematic theology, composed between 1265 and 1273 during his mature teaching years in Paris and Naples. Aquinas conceived this comprehensive treatise as a…
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Roger Bacon · 1266–1268 · Treatise
Roger Bacon's Opus Majus stands as a monumental encyclopedia of thirteenth-century learning, written between 1266 and 1268 at the request of Pope Clement IV. The Franciscan friar composed this comprehensive work to…
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Roger Bacon · 1267 · Treatise
The Opus Minus stands as Roger Bacon's condensed presentation of his revolutionary program for reforming Christian learning through empirical investigation and mathematical precision. Written in 1267 as a follow-up to his larger…
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Roger Bacon · 1267–1268 · Treatise
Roger Bacon's "On the Secret Works of Art and Nature" emerged from his conviction that natural philosophy could serve divine purposes and counter the deceptions of magic. Writing in the late 1260s…
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Roger Bacon · 1267–1268 · Treatise
The Speculum Alchemiae emerges from Roger Bacon's comprehensive investigation into natural philosophy during his most productive period at Oxford and Paris in the 1260s. Writing as both Franciscan friar and experimental philosopher,…
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Roger Bacon · 1267 · Treatise
Roger Bacon's Opus Tertium is the third and most personal of his major philosophical treatises, written in 1267 as part of his ambitious attempt to reform Christian learning through the integration of…
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Thomas Aquinas · 1268–1270 · Commentary
Thomas Aquinas composed this extensive commentary on Aristotle's Physics during his second tenure at the University of Paris, as part of his systematic engagement with the Aristotelian corpus that had recently become…
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