New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures

Issued as a large-scale modernization and simplification of the original New World Translation, this edition is classified as a substantial revision, taking the NWT 1961 as its predecessor and base translation. It covers the complete Bible, working from Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, with a base text drawn from updated critical source texts and the NWT tradition established by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society for use among Jehovah's Witnesses. Its translation philosophy favors simplified modern English alongside distinctive terminology, reflecting a wider twentieth- and twenty-first-century trend among Bible publishers toward revising older versions for contemporary readers. Among its distinctive features, it retains the distinctive divine-name and doctrinal renderings of the earlier version while substantially changing vocabulary and style. Widely distributed and translated onward into many languages, it remains, like its predecessor, a version whose renderings have been debated by scholars and other Christian traditions.