English Standard Version

The English Standard Version is a major evangelical revision of the Revised Standard Version, undertaken in a deliberately literary style and following the principle of formal equivalence. It presents the complete Bible, translated from Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek on the basis of modern critical texts, and adheres to an essentially literal or formally equivalent philosophy, seeking to render the wording and structure of the original languages as closely as English permits. Standing within the lineage of the Tyndale–King James tradition as mediated through its immediate predecessor and base translation, the Revised Standard Version, it is classed as a substantial revision rather than a fresh translation. Its publisher, Crossway, treats subsequent changes to the text as infrequent updates rather than new editions; the 2025 update alters a small number of passages and is accordingly not listed here as a separate translation.