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Thomas More · 1523 · Treatise
Thomas More's Responsio ad Lutherum stands as one of the most sustained and personal Catholic responses to Martin Luther's early reformist writings. Published in 1523 under the pseudonym "Gulielmus Rosseus," this Latin…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1523 · Treatise
The Sixty-Seven Articles emerged from Huldrych Zwingli's participation in the First Zurich Disputation of January 1523, a public theological debate called by the Zurich city council to address growing religious controversy in…
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Ignatius of Loyola · 1524–1556 · Letter
The letters of Ignatius of Loyola represent three decades of correspondence from the founder of the Society of Jesus as he guided a rapidly expanding religious order and countless individuals in spiritual…
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On Free Will De libero arbitrio diatribe
Desiderius Erasmus · 1524 · Treatise
Erasmus composed this careful theological treatise in 1524 as a measured response to Martin Luther's increasingly radical positions on human agency and divine grace. Writing as a Catholic humanist committed to scholarly…
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Martin Luther · 1525 · Book
Luther's most substantial theological treatise emerged from his bitter controversy with Erasmus over human freedom and divine grace. When the great humanist published "On Free Will" in 1524, defending humanity's capacity to…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1525 · Treatise
Zwingli's Commentary on True and False Religion emerged in 1525 as a comprehensive defense of Reformed theology against both Catholic doctrine and emerging Anabaptist positions. Written during the height of the Swiss…
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William Tyndale · 1525–1535 · Book
William Tyndale's English New Testament emerged from his conviction that ordinary Christians should read Scripture in their native tongue rather than depend on clerical interpretation of the Latin Vulgate. Working in exile…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1525 · Treatise
Zwingli's "On Baptism" emerged from the heated sacramental controversies that fractured the early Reformed movement in Zurich. Written in 1525 as the Anabaptist movement gained momentum, this treatise responded directly to the…
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William Tyndale · 1525 · Treatise
William Tyndale's "A Pathway into the Holy Scripture" stands as one of the earliest English treatises on biblical interpretation, written in 1525 as a preface to his translation of the New Testament.…
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Tyndale Bible Tyndale New Testament and Old Testament Portions
William Tyndale · 1525 · Scripture
William Tyndale's translation stands as a foundational source for the later English Bible, and much of his wording survives in the King James Version and beyond. In scope it comprises the complete…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1526 · Treatise
Zwingli's treatise on the Lord's Supper emerged from the heated sacramental controversies that divided the Protestant Reformation in the 1520s. Written in 1526, this work represents the Zurich reformer's mature position against…
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Desiderius Erasmus · 1526–1527 · Treatise
Hyperaspistes is Erasmus's comprehensive defense of his theological positions against Martin Luther's fierce attack in De Servo Arbitrio. Written in two parts between 1526 and 1527, this treatise emerged from the bitter…
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Martin Bucer · 1527–1530 · Commentary
Martin Bucer's Enarrationes in Evangelia represents one of the earliest sustained attempts at Reformed gospel commentary, written during his formative years as Strasbourg's leading reformer between 1527 and 1530. Bucer undertook this…
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Martin Bucer · 1527 · Commentary
Martin Bucer's Commentary on Ephesians emerged from his work as a leading reformer in Strasbourg, where he served as the city's chief pastor and theological guide. Written in 1527 during the crucial…
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William Tyndale · 1527–1531 · Book
This collection gathers William Tyndale's theological writings produced during his years of exile on the continent, when he was simultaneously translating the New Testament into English and defending the principles that guided…
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Huldrych Zwingli · 1527 · Treatise
Huldrych Zwingli penned this treatise in 1527 as a response to critics who challenged his interpretation of the Eucharist, particularly targeting those who accused him of departing from orthodox Christian teaching. Written…
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Francisco de Osuna · 1527 · Treatise
Francisco de Osuna's Third Spiritual Alphabet stands as one of the most influential guides to contemplative prayer in sixteenth-century Spain. Written in 1527 for those seeking to advance beyond vocal prayer and…
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Francisco de Osuna · 1528 · Treatise
Francisco de Osuna's Primer Abecedario Espiritual is a systematic guide to contemplative prayer written for the emerging spiritual needs of sixteenth-century Spain. Published in 1528, it appeared during a period of intense…
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Santes Pagninus · 1528 · Scripture
Among the earliest complete Latin Bibles of the Renaissance to be rendered directly from Hebrew and Greek rather than merely revising the Vulgate, the Pagninus Bible belongs to the humanist movement to…
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William Tyndale · 1528 · Book
William Tyndale's treatise emerged from the urgent need to defend Protestant principles against accusations that evangelical teaching bred civil disobedience and political rebellion. Writing in 1528 while in exile, Tyndale faced charges…
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William Tyndale · 1528 · Treatise
William Tyndale's treatise emerges from the heated theological controversies of the early English Reformation, written while he lived in exile on the continent. Published in 1528, this work addresses the fundamental Protestant…
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Desiderius Erasmus · 1528 · Treatise
Erasmus wrote this satirical dialogue in response to a literary movement that had grown obsessive in its devotion to classical Latin style. Renaissance humanists, particularly in Italy, had developed an extreme form…
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Martin Bucer · 1529–1532 · Commentary
Martin Bucer's Commentary on the Psalms emerged during the crucial early years of the Protestant Reformation in Strasbourg, where he served as the city's leading reformer. Written between 1529 and 1532, this…
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Thomas More · 1529 · Treatise
Thomas More's A Dialogue Concerning Heresies emerged from the tumultuous religious controversies of the 1520s, when Protestant ideas were spreading rapidly through England and continental Europe. Written in 1529, this substantial treatise…
