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Walafrid Strabo · 845 · Commentary
Walafrid Strabo's Expositio in Matthaeum stands as one of the most influential biblical commentaries of the Carolingian renaissance, completed around 845 during his tenure as abbot of Reichenau. Writing in an era…
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Walafrid Strabo · 845 · Treatise
The Libellus de Exordiis et Incrementis Quarundam in Observationibus Ecclesiasticis Rerum is a brief treatise on the origins and development of Christian liturgical practices, written around 845 by Walafrid Strabo, the learned…
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John Scotus Eriugena · 850–870 · Sermon
This homily represents John Scotus Eriugena's theological meditation on the opening verses of the Gospel of John, delivered during his time at the court of Charles the Bald in ninth-century Francia. Written…
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Vespasian Psalter Vespasian Psalter Old English Gloss
Anonymous glossator · 850 · Scripture
The Vespasian Psalter Old English Gloss ranks among the earliest substantial surviving English translations of Scripture. Its scope is the Psalms, entered between the lines of an existing Latin Psalter manuscript, so…
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John Scotus Eriugena · 860–870 · Commentary
John Scotus Eriugena's commentary on Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Celestial Hierarchy emerged from the remarkable intellectual ferment of the Carolingian Renaissance. Writing in the 860s at the court of Charles the Bald, Eriugena…
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John Scotus Eriugena · 860–870 · Commentary
The Versio et Expositio Ambiguorum represents John Scotus Eriugena's ambitious attempt to make the challenging theological works of Maximus the Confessor accessible to the Latin-speaking church of the ninth century. Commissioned by…
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John Scotus Eriugena · 862–866 · Treatise
Periphyseon, also known as De Divisione Naturae (On the Division of Nature), stands as the masterwork of ninth-century Irish philosopher John Scotus Eriugena, composed between 862 and 866 at the Carolingian court.…
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Aldred · 950 · Scripture
The Old English gloss added to the Lindisfarne Gospels is the earliest surviving English rendering to cover all four Gospels, though it takes the form of an interlinear gloss rather than a…
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Rushworth Gospels Rushworth Gospels Old English Gloss
Farman and Owun traditionally associated with portions · 970 · Scripture
The Rushworth Gospels gloss is an important witness to regional Old English biblical language. Written between the lines of a Latin Gospel book, which serves as its base text, it covers all…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 980–1022 · Treatise
The Catecheses ethicae, or Ethical Discourses, comprises thirty-four homilies delivered by Simeon the New Theologian to the monks of the Monastery of Saint Mamas in Constantinople during his tenure as abbot from…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 980–1022 · Poem
The Hymni Amoris Divini represents the poetic flowering of Simeon the New Theologian's mystical theology, composed during his tenure as abbot of Saint Mamas monastery in Constantinople in the late tenth and…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 985–1010 · Treatise
The Ethical Discourses emerged from Symeon the New Theologian's role as abbot of the Monastery of Saint Mamas in Constantinople during the late tenth and early eleventh centuries. These fifteen treatises were…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 990–1015 · Treatise
The Theological and Practical Treatises represent Symeon the New Theologian's systematic exploration of the mystical life, written during his tenure as abbot of the Monastery of Saint Mamas in Constantinople between 990…
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Anonymous · 990 · Scripture
The West Saxon or Wessex Gospels are the earliest surviving free-standing complete translation of the four Gospels into English, produced in the late Anglo-Saxon period in the West Saxon dialect of Old…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 1000–1020 · Other
The Eucharisticus stands as one of the most intensely personal devotional works to emerge from Byzantine monasticism. Symeon the New Theologian, abbot of the Monastery of Saint Mamas in Constantinople, composed these…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 1000–1022 · Poem
The Hymns of Divine Love emerged from the mystical experiences of Symeon the New Theologian during his tenure as abbot of the Monastery of Saint Mamas in Constantinople in the early eleventh…
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Old English Hexateuch Old English Hexateuch / Ælfrician Biblical Translations
Ælfric of Eynsham and others · 1000 · Scripture
The largest complex of Old English prose translation of the Old Testament, this body of work covers Genesis through Joshua together with related Old Testament material, rendered from Latin with the Latin…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 1000–1020 · Treatise
The Catecheses represents the spiritual teachings of Simeon the New Theologian delivered as oral instructions to the monks of the Monastery of Saint Mamas in Constantinople during his tenure as abbot from…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 1000–1020 · Treatise
The Capita theologica gnostica et practica represents Simeon the New Theologian's systematic attempt to codify the principles of mystical theology and spiritual practice within the Eastern Orthodox tradition. Written during the early…
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Symeon the New Theologian · 1005–1020 · Poem
The Actio de gratiarum represents one of Simeon the New Theologian's most sustained poetic meditations on divine grace and human gratitude. Written during the early eleventh century as part of his broader…
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Peter Damian · 1040–1072 · Letter
Peter Damian's letters constitute one of the most important collections of spiritual correspondence from the eleventh-century reform movement. Written between 1040 and 1072, these epistles emerged from Damian's dual role as a…
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Peter Damian · 1040–1050 · Treatise
Peter Damian's treatise on monastic perfection emerged from his deep involvement in the eleventh-century reform movement that sought to restore authentic religious life to European monasteries. Writing as both a hermit and…
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Peter Damian · 1040 · Treatise
Peter Damian's Antilogus Contra Judaeos stands as one of the earliest systematic medieval Christian responses to Jewish biblical interpretation and theological arguments. Written around 1040 during Damian's reforming career as a Camaldolese…
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Peter Damian · 1042 · Other
Peter Damian's "Life of Saint Romuald" stands as one of the most influential hagiographical works of the eleventh century, written around 1042 to commemorate the founder of the Camaldolese order who had…
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